R&D Expands in Chinese Research Parks/Patent Filings Soar

There are three trends at work in the growth of R&D in China. The first is that R&D spending has been growing significantly for many years. For 2022, gross expenditures on R&D in China were expected to reach $551.1 billion (or 2.10% of GDP), according to R&D Magazine’s 2022 Global R&D Funding Forecast. (This number is on a PPP or purchasing power parity basis—an attempt to create a fair comparison to U.S. prices.) China has R&D goals laid out in the National Medium- and Long-Term Plan for the Development of Science and Technology. This is a 15-year plan, originally published in 2014, which is updated on a regular basis.

Of importance, the plan outlines ways to assimilate and then improve upon Western innovations. Methods include significant investment in domestic manufacturers along with patent laws that favor Chinese companies. The result has long been pressure on foreign firms to transfer technology into Chinese joint ventures in order to capture sales within China. Over the long term, this has enabled China-based companies to compete head-on with foreign firms by taking advantage of foreign design, research and engineering. These objectives have created significant controversy in other nations. In particular, the Trump administration was a highly vocal critic of Chinese research and development ambitions.

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