Biomass, Waste-to-Energy, Waste Methane and Biofuels from Algae

Biomass energy is the term describing the conversion of certain types of organic material into usable energy, either by burning it directly or by harvesting combustible gases or liquids. In some cases, it can be referred to as “waste-to-energy,” because a common application is the burning of a city’s garbage or an industrial plant’s production scrap, such as wood chips or sawdust. Agricultural residues, such as rice straw, nutshells or wheat straw, are also useful as biomass fuels. Waste-to-energy plants have been in use in the U.S. for decades, frequently operating in tandem. A significant advantage of waste-to-energy is the fact that it reduces the amount of material placed in overburdened landfills. The production of ethanol or biodiesel is another way to utilize biomass to create fuel.

Today, several factors are creating heightened interest in waste-to-energy. One of the most important aspects of generating electricity in this manner is the fact that burning garbage takes up a lot less space than compacting it in a landfill. Many municipalities are faced with severe restraints and high costs in their landfill operations. Also, industrial sites are extremely interested in capturing their on-site waste and excess heat as a way of generating electricity, sometimes referred to as co-generation. In comparing landfill gas harvesting and waste incineration, a recent study by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the Energy Information Administration and the DOE found incineration to be far more efficient. Incineration produces 590 kilowatt-hours of electricity per ton of waste compared to the 65 kilowatt-hours produced from landfill gas.

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