(In Millions of US$) |
|||||
|
2019 |
2020 Estimated1 |
2021 |
Change, 2020-21 |
|
Dollar |
Percent |
||||
Total |
18,271 |
19,219 |
16,051 |
3,168 |
-16% |
Fossil Energy Research and Development |
682 |
709 |
696 |
-13 |
-2% |
Science |
6,640 |
6,924 |
5,760 |
-1,164 |
-17% |

Become a Plunkett Research Online subscriber to gain unlimited access to our massive amount of vital industry data and market research.
- ✔ 100,000 Industry Statistics
- ✔ 500 Industries Analyzed for Market Size, Profits and Forecasts
- ✔ 150,000 Industry Executives Profiled
- ✔ 25,000 Companies Profiled, Ranked and Analyzed
- ✔ 1,000 Vital Trends Analyzed, totaling 1,000,000 words
A Representative List of Organizations that Have Used our Research and Products:
