| A Short Engineering & Research Industry Glossary | i |
| Introduction | 1 |
| How To Use This Book | 3 |
| Chapter 1: Major Trends Affecting the Engineering & Research Industry | 7 |
| 1) Introduction to the Engineering & Research Industry | 7 |
| 2) A Short History of U.S. Industrial Research & Development | 9 |
| 3) R&D in China Becomes a Major Factor | 10 |
| 4) Offshore Research, Development & Engineering Grows in India, Singapore, Taiwan and Korea | 11 |
| 5) Original Design Manufacturing (ODM) Booms | 12 |
| 6) The State of the Biotechnology Industry Today | 13 |
| 7) From India to Singapore to Australia, Nations Compete Fiercely in Biotech Development | 16 |
| 8) U.S. Government Reverses Ban on Funding for New Stem Cell Research | 18 |
| 9) Emphasis on R&D in Nanotechnology | 19 |
| 10) Government Nanotechnology Funding is Strong | 19 |
| 11) Nanotechnology Converges with Biotech | 20 |
| 12) Globalization and Worldwide Collaboration Fuel the Research Efforts of Major Corporations | 20 |
| 13) Growth Continues in Research Partnerships Between Corporations and Universities | 21 |
| 14) Number of Patent Applications Remains High | 21 |
| 15) The Automation of Research and Design Steams Ahead | 23 |
| 16) Governments Encourage Renewable Energy, Energy Conservation, Research and Investment | 24 |
| 17) Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Power Research Continues | 26 |
| 18) Electric Cars and Plug-in Hybrids (PHEVs) Will Quickly Gain Popularity/Major Research in Advanced Lithium Batteries | 28 |
| 19) The Future: Pervasive Computing and Complete Mobility Will Be Standard | 32 |
| 20) Supercomputing Hits 1.105 Petaflops | 33 |
| 21) Superconductivity Comes of Age | 34 |
| 22) Massive Funding for Nuclear Fusion Projects | 35 |
| Chapter 2: Engineering & Research Industry Statistics | 37 |
| Engineering & Research Industry Overview | 38 |
| Engineering & Research Industry Revenues, U.S.: 2008 | 39 |
| Revenues, U.S. Engineering & Scientific Research Industries: 2001-2007 | 40 |
| National R&D Expenditures & R&D as a Percentage of GDP, by Country: 1985-2006 | 42 |
| Federal R&D Funding & Distribution by Budget Function, U.S.: Fiscal Years 2007-2009 | 43 |
| Federal Funding for R&D by Character of Work, U.S.: Fiscal Years 1975-2008 | 44 |
| Federal Funding for Research, by Agency & Field of Science & Engineering, U.S.: Fiscal Year 2008 | 45 |
| Federal R&D & R&D Plant Funding for National Defense, U.S.: Fiscal Years 2007-2009 | 46 |
| Federal R&D & R&D Plant Funding for National Institutes of Health, U.S.: Fiscal Years 2007-2009 | 47 |
| Federal R&D & R&D Plant Funding for Space Research & Technology, U.S.: Fiscal Years 2007-2009 | 48 |
| NASA Budget Appropriations & Projections: 2007-2013 | 49 |
| Federal R&D & R&D Plant Funding for General Science & Basic Research, U.S.: Fiscal Years 2007-2009 | 50 |
| Federal R&D & R&D Plant Funding for Natural Resources & Environment, U.S.: Fiscal Years 2007-2009 | 51 |
| Federal R&D & R&D Plant Funding for Agriculture, U.S.: Fiscal Years 2007-2009 | 52 |
| Federal R&D & R&D Plant Funding for Transportation, U.S.: Fiscal Years 2007-2009 | 53 |
| Federal R&D & R&D Plant Funding for Energy, U.S.: Fiscal Years 2007-2009 | 54 |
| U.S. Department of Energy Funding for Scientific Research: 2007-2009 | 55 |
| Research Funding for Biological Sciences, U.S. National Science Foundation: Fiscal Year 2007-2009 | 56 |
| Domestic U.S. Biopharmaceutical R&D Breakdown, PhRMA Member Companies: 2007 | 57 |
| Domestic U.S. Biopharmaceutical R&D & R&D Abroad, PhRMA Member Companies: 1970-2008 | 58 |
| R&D as a Percentage of U.S. Biopharmaceutical Sales, PhRMA Member Companies: 1970-2008 | 59 |
| R&D by Global Geographic Area, PhRMA Member Companies: 2007 | 60 |
| Top Foreign Countries by Number of Residents Receiving U.S. Patents: 2007-2008 | 61 |
| Top 30 Private Sector Patent Recipients, U.S.: 2008 | 62 |
| Top Patenting U.S. Universities: 2008 | 63 |
| The U.S. Drug Discovery & Approval Process | 64 |
| Domestic Biopharmaceutical R&D Scientific, Professional & Technical Personnel by Function, PhRMA Member Companies: 2007 | 65 |
| Employment in Engineering Occupations by Business Type, U.S.: 2003-2008 | 66 |
| Employment in Life & Physical Science Occupations by Business Type, U.S.: May 2007 | 67 |
| Chapter 3: Engineering & Research Industry Contacts | |
| Addresses, Telephone Numbers and Internet Sites | 69 |
| Chapter 4: THE ENGINEERING & RESEARCH 500: | |
| Who They Are and How They Were Chosen | 107 |
| Industry List, With Codes | 108 |
| Index of Rankings Within Industry Groups | 110 |
| Alphabetical Index | 123 |
| Index of U.S. Headquarters Location by State | 127 |
| Index of Non-U.S. Headquarters Location by Country | 130 |
| Index by Regions of the U.S. Where the Firms Have Locations | 133 |
| Index of Firms with International Operations | 148 |
| Individual Profiles on each of THE ENGINEERING & RESEARCH 500 | 153 |
| Additional Indexes | |
| Index of Hot Spots for Advancement for Women/Minorities | 658 |
| Index by Subsidiaries, Brand Names and Affiliations | 660 |