| A Short Energy Industry Glossary | i |
| Introduction | 1 |
| How to Use This Book | 3 |
| Chapter 1: Major Trends Affecting the Energy Industry | 7 |
| 1) Energy Industry Introduction | 7 |
| 2) The Continuing Deregulation of the American Utilities Industry | 10 |
| 3) A Lengthy History of Electric Power Failures Spurs Long-Term Projects to Ease the Problem | 11 |
| 4) The U.S. Electric Grid Needs Retooling | 12 |
| 5) Proposals for U.S. Electricity Grid Enhancements Include a Smart Grid, Regional Transmission Organizations (RTOs) and Technologies such as Flow Cell Batteries | 13 |
| 6) Superconductivity Comes of Age | 15 |
| 7) Intense U.S. Demand for Natural Gas Leads to Massive New Pipeline Projects/Coalbed Methane Looks Promising | 16 |
| 8) LNG Imports and New Projects Offer Increased Supply to the U.S. | 18 |
| 9) Russia and West Africa Play Increasingly Important Roles in the Oil and Gas Arena | 19 |
| 10) Exploration and Production Investment Is on the Rise/Companies Struggle to Extract Oil from Existing Fields | 20 |
| 11) Advances in Technology Lead to New Gains in Exploration and Production/Electromagnetic Technology Looks Promising | 21 |
| 12) Extension of Offshore Drilling into Extreme Water Depths Continues | 22 |
| 13) OPEC Continues to Have Major Influence | 23 |
| 14) China Drives Demand for World Energy/Attempts to Curb Use of Coal and Oil | 24 |
| 15) Canada’s Tar Sands Reach Commercial Production Levels | 25 |
| 16) Oil Shale Sparks New Interest at Today’s High Oil Prices | 26 |
| 17) Coal Is Abundant/Clean Coal and Coal Gasification Technologies Have Promise | 27 |
| 18) Conservation and Alternative Energy Lead to Technology Investment and Innovation | 28 |
| 19) The Industry Takes a New Look at Nuclear Power | 30 |
| 20) Ethanol Production Soared, But a Market Glut May Slow Expansion | 33 |
| 21) Power Plant Construction Booms in India and China | 35 |
| 22) The World is Desperate for New Refineries | 35 |
| Chapter 2: Energy Industry Statistics | 39 |
| I. Overview of the Energy Industry | 41 |
| U.S. Energy Industry Overview | 42 |
| Approximate Energy Unit Conversion Factors | 43 |
| Global Energy Overview: 2006 | 44 |
| U.S. Energy Overview: Selected Years, 1970-2006 | 45 |
| Energy Imports & Exports, U.S.: Selected Years, 1950-2006 | 46 |
| Energy Consumption by Source & Sector, U.S.: 2006 | 47 |
| Energy Consumption & Expenditures Indicators, U.S.: Selected Years, 1950-2006 | 48 |
| Federal R&D & R&D Plant Funding for Energy, U.S.: Fiscal Years 2005-2007 | 49 |
| U.S. Department of Energy Funding for Scientific Research: 2006-2008 | 50 |
| II. Electricity | 51 |
| Electricity Overview, U.S.: Selected Years, 1950-2006 | 52 |
| Total Electrical Power Generation by Fuel Type, U.S.: 1980-2007 | 53 |
| Average Retail Prices of Electricity Sold by U.S. Electric Utilities: Selected Years 1960-2006 | 54 |
| III. Fossil Fuels & Nuclear Energy | 55 |
| Energy Production by Fossil Fuels & Nuclear Power, U.S.: Selected Years, 1950-2006 | 56 |
| Petroleum Overview, U.S.: Selected Years, 1950-2006 | 57 |
| Crude Oil Production & Oil Well Productivity, U.S.: Selected Years, 1960-2006 | 58 |
| Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Prices, U.S.: Selected Years, 1960-2006 | 59 |
| Landed Costs of U.S. Crude Oil Imports from Selected Countries: Selected Years, 1980-2006 | 60 |
| Value of U.S. Crude Oil Imports from Selected Countries: 1980-2006 | 61 |
| Petroleum Imports by Country of Origin, U.S.: Selected Years, 1970-2006 | 62 |
| Refinery Capacity & Utilization in the U.S.: Selected Years, 1960-2006 | 63 |
| Refiner Sales Prices & Refiner Profit Margins for Selected Petroleum Products, U.S.: Selected Years, 1990-2006 | 64 |
| Petroleum Consumption by the Transportation Sector, U.S.: Selected Years, 1950-2006 | 65 |
| Retail Motor Gasoline & On-Highway Diesel Fuel Prices, U.S.: Selected Years, 1950-2006 | 66 |
| Top World Oil Reserves by Country: 2006 | 67 |
| Top World Oil Producers: 2006 | 68 |
| Top World Oil Net Exporters: 2006 | 69 |
| Top World Oil Net Importers: 2006 | 70 |
| Top World Oil Consumers: 2006 | 71 |
| Coal Overview, U.S.: Selected Years, 1950-2006 | 72 |
| Natural Gas Production, U.S.: Selected Years, 1960-2006 | 73 |
| Natural Gas Prices Paid by Sector, U.S.: Selected Years, 1970-2006 | 74 |
| The 10 Largest Nuclear Power Plants in the U.S.: 2007 | 75 |
| IV. Renewable Energy | 77 |
| Energy Production by Renewable Energy, U.S.: Selected Years, 1950-2006 | 78 |
| Renewable Energy Consumption by Source: Selected Years, 1950-2006 | 79 |
| Estimated Renewable Energy Consumption in the Residential, Commercial & Industrial Sectors: 2000-2006 | 80 |
| Renewable Energy Consumption in the Transportation & Electric Power Sectors: 2000-2006 | 81 |
| Number of Onroad Alternative Fuel & Hybrid Vehicles Planned to Be Made Available, by Fuel Type & Vehicle Type: 2006 | 82 |
| The Top 40 Ethanol Plants in the U.S.: 2007 | 83 |
| | |
| Chapter 3: Important Energy Industry Contacts | 85 |
| (Addresses, Phone Numbers and World Wide Web Sites) | |
| Chapter 4: THE ENERGY 500: | |
| Who They Are and How They Were Chosen | 119 |
| Industry List, With Codes | 120 |
| Index of Rankings Within Industry Groups | 122 |
| Alphabetical Index | 134 |
| Index of Headquarters Location by U.S. State | 138 |
| Index of Non-U.S. Headquarters Location by Country | 142 |
| Index by Regions of the U.S. Where the Firms Have Locations | 145 |
| Index by Firms with Operations Outside the U.S. | 155 |
| Individual Data Profiles on Each of THE ENERGY 500 | 159 |
| Additional Indexes | |
| Index of Hot Spots for Advancement for Women/Minorities | 660 |
| Index by Subsidiaries, Brand Names and Selected Affiliations | 662 |